Chapter 3: Inheritance and Polymorphism

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Inheritance and polymorphism are two powerful concepts in OOP. Let's explore them in detail:

Inheritance: Inheritance allows you to create a new class (a derived or child class) based on an existing class (a base or parent class). The child class inherits attributes and methods from the parent class. This promotes code reuse and enables you to create a hierarchy of classes.


Polymorphism: Polymorphism is the ability of different classes to be treated as instances of the same base class. It allows you to write code that can work with objects of different classes in a generic way. Polymorphism is achieved through method overriding.


  1. 1.Method Overriding: In the example above, both Circle and Square classes have overridden the area method inherited from the base class Shape. This allows each shape to calculate its own area.


  3. 2.The super() Function: super() is used to call a method from the parent class. It's often used in the child class constructor to initialize attributes inherited from the parent.


  5. 3.Multiple Inheritance: Python supports multiple inheritance, allowing a class to inherit from more than one base class. Be cautious when using multiple inheritance, as it can lead to complex relationships.


  7. 4.Method Resolution Order (MRO): In cases of multiple inheritance, Python follows a specific order called Method Resolution Order to determine which method to call when a method is not found in the current class.


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